Page 47 - Demo

45Hammaddeler: PU'nun %u00c7evresel Etkisini Azaltmada Kritik Ad%u0131mGenel olarak sal%u0131nan sera gaz%u0131 (GHG) miktar%u0131 olarak ifade edilen en b%u00fcy%u00fck %u00e7evresel etki, PU k%u00f6p%u00fc%u011f%u00fcn temel kimyasallar%u0131 olan hammaddelerin %u00e7%u0131kar%u0131lmas%u0131 ve %u00fcretilmesinden kaynaklanmaktad%u0131r. Hammaddeler en ba%u015fta C02 emisyonlar%u0131 olmak %u00fczere farkl%u0131 kategorilerdeki %u00e7evresel etkilerin yakla%u015f%u0131k %90'%u0131n%u0131 olu%u015fturmaktad%u0131r.Tarihsel olarak esnek PU k%u00f6p%u00fck %u00fcretimi i%u00e7in kullan%u0131lan neredeyse t%u00fcm hammaddeler fosil kaynakl%u0131yd%u0131. Bu durum bug%u00fcn de b%u00fcy%u00fck %u00f6l%u00e7%u00fcde b%u00f6yledir ancak biyo-polyoller, geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015ft%u00fcr%u00fclm%u00fc%u015f polyoller ve CO2 bazl%u0131 polyoller gibi alternatif poliollerin kullan%u0131m%u0131n%u0131n artmas%u0131yla bu durum giderek de%u011fi%u015fmektedir. Sonu%u00e7 olarak, biyo i%u00e7erikli k%u00f6p%u00fckler uzun y%u0131llard%u0131r piyasada bulunmaktad%u0131r ve bir%u00e7ok %u00fcreticinin portf%u00f6y%u00fcnde yer almaktad%u0131r. T%u00fcketim sonras%u0131 yataklardan elde edilen geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015ft%u00fcr%u00fclm%u00fc%u015f poliollerle yap%u0131lan ilk k%u00f6p%u00fckler 2021'den beri piyasada bulunmaktad%u0131r. Avrupa'da toplamda, t%u00fcketici sonras%u0131 yataklardan geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015ft%u00fcr%u00fclm%u00fc%u015f polioller %u00fcreten ve daha sonra yeni k%u00f6p%u00fck %u00fcretmek i%u00e7in kullan%u0131labilecek %u00fc%u00e7 kimyasal geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015f%u00fcm tesisi bulunmaktad%u0131r. Geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015f%u00fcm fabrikalar%u0131n%u0131n in%u015fas%u0131na devam edilmesiyle birlikte, geri d%u00f6n%u00fc%u015ft%u00fcr%u00fclm%u00fc%u015f i%u00e7eri%u011fe sahip daha fazla k%u00f6p%u00fc%u011f%u00fcn yak%u0131nda piyasada olmas%u0131 beklenmektedir.Son y%u0131llarda alternatif hammaddelerle ilgili %u00f6nemli bir geli%u015fme, k%u00fctle dengesi yakla%u015f%u0131m%u0131 (MBA) yoluyla sunulan kimyasallar olmu%u015ftur. Bunlar, fosil bazl%u0131 hammaddelerle birlikte alternatif hammaddelerin (biyo-bazl%u0131, biyo-dairesel) termo-kimyasal olarak i%u015flenmesinin bir Raw Materials: The Critical Step in Reducing Environmental Impact of PUBy far the largest environmental impact, commonly expressed as the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted, is due to the extraction and production of raw materials %u2013 base-chemicals of PU foam. Raw materials typically account for about 90% of the associated environmental impacts in different categories; first and foremost C02 emissions. Historically nearly all raw materials used for flexible PU foam production have been of fossil origin. This is still largely the case today but the situation is progressively changing with the increased use of alternative polyols, such as bio-polyols, recycled polyols and CO2-based polyols. As a result, foams with bio-content have been available on the market for many years now and many producers have them in their portfolio. The first foams made with recycled polyols from post-consumer mattresses are available on the market since 2021. In total in Europe, there are three chemical recycling plants of post-consumer mattresses producing recycled polyols, which can then be used to produce fresh foam. With the further construction of recycling factories, it is expected that more and more foams with recycled content will be available on the market soon.An important development in recent years regarding alternative raw materials have been the chemicals introduced via the mass balance approach (MBA). These are a result of thermo-chemical processing of alternative feedstocks (bio-based, bio-circular of circular) together with fossil-based feedstocks. The MBA is a chain Uzman G%u00f6r%u00fc%u015f%u00fc / Expert OpinionAnaliz Edilen Kategori / Analysed Category K%u00fcresel Is%u0131nma Potansiyeli [kg C02 eq] / Global Warming Potential [kg C02 eq.]Prek%u00fcrs%u00f6rler ve Proses / Precursors and process 93,26%Di%u011fer kimyasallar / Other chemicals 4.24%Temel hizmetler / Utilities 0.15%Elektrik / Electricity 0.75%Termal enerji / Thermal energy 0.00%Ula%u015f%u0131m / Transport 1.03%Proses at%u0131k ar%u0131t%u0131m%u0131 / Process waste treatment 0.56%Toplam / Total 100%Tablo 1. FR i%u00e7ermeyen 1 kg TDI bazl%u0131 PU k%u00f6p%u00fck ba%u015f%u0131na etkilerin bask%u0131nl%u0131k analizi, yo%u011funluk 35 ila 40 kg/m3Table 1: Dominance analysis of impacts per 1 kg of TDI based PU foam without FR, density 35 to 40 kg/m3Kaynak: EUROPUR, Esnek PU K%u00f6p%u00fck Eko-profilleri (2015)Source: EUROPUR, Eco-profiles of Flexible PU Foam (2015)